Fracture and deformation behaviour of materials

The successful employment of metals in engineering applications relies on the ability of the metal to meet
design and service requirements and to be fabricated to the proper dimensions. The capability of a metal to meet these requirements is determined by the mechanical and physical properties of the metal.
Mechanical properties, the primary focus are described as the relationship between forces or stresses acting on
a material and the resistance of the material to deformat-ion, strains and fracture. This deformation, however, may or may not be evident in the metal after the applied load is removed. Different types of tests, which use an applied force, are employed to measure properties, such as elastic modulus, yield strength, elastic and plastic deformation
elongation, hardness, fatigue resistance, and fracture toughness.