Economic utilization, recovery and substitution of some strategic non-ferrous metals

Abstract

With the increased tempo of industrial expansion and the ever rising consumption of common nonferrous metals like copper, lead, zinc, tin, deficient in India, their conservation, substitution, reclamation from waste pro-ducts and substandard raw materials are of paramount importance for India, not only to tide over the present crisis but also in the larger interest of economic growth and self-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency can be attained by developing processes for the utilization of low grade and other complex ores, recovery of metals from waste products like slags, ashes, drosses and above all by the conservation of non-ferrous metals not avail-able in the country by their judicious use and subst-itution.