Physical and mechanical characteristics of composite briquette from coal and pretreated wood fines

Melina wood torrefied at 260 C for 60 min was agglomerated with lean grade coal fines into composite
briquettes using pitch as binder. Torrefied biomass (3%–20%) and coal fines (80%–97%) were blended together to produce
the composite briquettes under a hydraulic press (28 MPa). The briquettes were cured at 300 C. Density, water resistance,
drop to fracture, impact resistance, and cold crushing strength were evaluated for the composite briquettes. The proximate,
ultimate, and calorific value analyses were carried out according to different ASTM standards. Microstructural studies were
carried out using scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalyzer equipped with energy dispersive x-ray.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used to obtain the functional groups in the raw materials and
briquettes. The density of the composite briquettes ranged from 0.92 to 1.31 g/cm3 after curing. Briquettes with \ 10%
torrefied biomass has good water resistance index ([ 95%). The highest cold crushing strength of 4 MPa was obtained for
briquettes produced from 97% coal fines and 3% torrefied biomass. The highest drop to fracture (54 times/2 m) and impact resistance index (1350) were obtained for the sample produced from 97% coal and 3% torrefied biomass. The fixed and elemental carbons of the briquettes showed a mild improvement compared to the raw coal. The peaks from FTIR spectra for the briquettes shows the presence of aromatic C=C bonds and phenolic OH group. The composite briquettes with up to 20% torrefied biomass can all be useful as fuel for various applications.