Instrumental Techniques for Chemical Analysis of Ferro-Alloys

Ferro-alloys are metallic addition agents used in iron and steel making to incorporate an alloying element into the molten material or to refine steel, for example by removal of oxygen and sulphur, in which case the alloying element is only to a minor extent incorporated in the steel. These additions are made to the ladle before the pouting into moulds. Most ferro-alloys are alloys of the main element (usually, 15-85%), with iron, hence the name. Sometimes
ferro-alloy contain two or three alloying elements which act in different ways and there are also complex boron alloys in which titanium and aluminum can fix the oxygen and nitrogen in the steel bath so, that the boron may enter Solution and exert a metallurgical influence.