Stratification and Mixing in Top Blown Oxygen Steelmaking Converters

The paper summarises results of model studies, plant studies in pilot converters as well as operating vessels to highlight the hydrodynamics of bath movement and the extent of mixing during top blowing. Results of actual experiments carried out in various places are used to show that the basic mixing and the rate of circulation in BOF vessels is poor and this is one of the major reasons for slopping, loss in yield and problems in monitoring the blow. Trials in which a small amount of gas was bubbled through the bottom of the vessel confirmed that mixing can be improved and stratification in the bath virtually elimi-nated by this means.
The results could be of interest to steelmakers who are today thinking in terms of "combined blowing" and which process of combined blowing to adopt.