Analysing the flow of wet iron ore in an industrial transfer chute using discrete element method

Abstract

Two billion tons of iron ore is mined globally/year, still, a comprehensive protocol for obtaining discrete element method parameters is missing. A slight improvement in operational difficulties can translate into significant financial benefits. A direct measurement of discrete element method interaction parameters, such as sliding and rolling friction and cohesion energy between a pair of particles, is very difficult. Therefore, a bulk calibration approach is used to obtain discrete element method parameters that involve performing laboratory scale tests (angle of repose, wall friction angle, etc.), which are subsequently reproduced in the discrete element method model and adjusted through a novel, sequentially coupled central composite experimental design. Results are demonstrated through simulations of 14.5 wt-% moisture-containing iron ore (representing the most difficult scenario) flow through an industrially operational transfer chute. Four different liner materials were investigated. Interestingly, cohesion and frictional forces are found to be flow-determining rather than inertial forces, and the nature of the liner plays the most significant role.