Laser Surface Modification of Ti–6Al–4V: Wear and Corrosion Characterization in Simulated Biofluid

Abstract

Laser surface melting (LSM) of Ti–6Al–4V is performed in argon to improve its properties, such as microstructure, corrosion, and wear for biomedical applications. Corrosion behavior is investigated by conducting electrochemical polarization experiments in simulated body fluid (Ringer’s solution) at 37 C. Wear properties are evaluated in Ringer’s solution using pin-on-disc apparatus at a slow speed. Untreated Ti–6Al–4V contains þ phase. After laser surface melting, it transforms to acicular embedded in the prior matrix. Grain growth in the range of 65–89 mm with increase in laser power from 800 to 1500 W due to increase in associated temperature is observed. The hardness of as-laser- processed Ti–6Al–4V alloy is more (275–297 HV) than that of the untreated alloy (254 HV). Passivation currents are significantly reduced to <4.3 mA/cm2 after laser treatment compared to untreated Ti–6Al–4V (12 mA/cm2). The wear resistance of laser-treated Ti–6Al–4V in simulated body fluid is enhanced compared to that of the untreated one. It is the highest for the one that is processed at a laser power of 800 W. Typical micro-cutting features of abrasive wear is the prominent mechanism of wear in both untreated and as-laser-treated Ti–6Al–4V. Fragmentation of wear debris assisted by microcracking was responsible for mass loss during the wear of untreated Ti–6Al–4V in Ringer’s solution.