Physical Metallurgy of Substitution

INDUSTRIAL civilization is largely based on scientitic
and technological development in different countries
and no country can today remain aloof from scientific
and technological development, which take place else
where in the world. The industrial complex of develop-
ing nations has initially to import machinery and raw materials and even men from industrially advanced
countries to gear up their rate of progress, but a
stage comes in the growth of their industrial pattern
that the import of either the machinery or raw mater-
ials is not economically possible specially if the
balance of trade is adverse. In this context, develo-
pment of substitute alloys has acquired two meanings.
It primarily suggests development of new alloys based
on metals produced in India and' or using minimum
amounts of imported metals. Whenever substitution with indigenous alloys is not possible, its scope may he enlarged to include development of new processes and
heat treatment which raise the strength so that util-ization of thinner sections may reduce the cost of
import.