Computational methods for analyses in mineral processing

Abstract

Mineral Process Engineering involves extensive understanding of solid mechanics and tluid tlow. From the basic comminution operations i.e., crushing and grinding, through concentration techniques and finally de-watering & drying steps, all of them deal with several fundamental sciences and engineering principles. In addition to the complexity of the individual unit operations, the in-coming feed characteristics vary widely in most of the operating mineral and coal industries. Over a period of time the researchers in the area of mineral engineering have developed considerable knowledgeon the fundamentalunderstandingof eachunitoperation. However,dueto multi-disciplinary nature and due to non-availability of suitable computational facilities, design and predictions in these operations were restricted to empirical models. These models, though successful to a great extent in predicting the process performance, are not accurate enough for rigorous engineering design because of the geometric and material pproximations made. Also, a model developed for a particular case could not be easily extended to another type. With the advent of computational facilities. the design amd performllnce improvement studies of comminution/ classification/concentration/de-watering systems can be carried out easily with the help of the available engineering know how supported with the numerical techniques. For instance, application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for several classification systems like hydrocyclones, elutriators etc., and gravity concentration techniques like spirals, heavy medium cyclones etc., would result in understanding the fluid flow behavior as well as improved designs. Till date in India, not many attempts have been made to make full use of these modern tools for the analysis and design of different processes as well as equipment. But, it is increasingly becoming popular among the designers across the globe. In the present paper, some of the case studies on the application of CFD techniques in the area of mineral processing are recieved and importance of research in this area is highlighted.