Fluid-flow characterization in twin strand continuous-casting tundish water model

: A systematic study of fluid flow in a twin strand continuous casting water model tundish is presented. The flow has been characterised using different tundish configurations, both incorporating dams and weirs and, in some cases, without any dams or weirs. It is shown that certain critical locations of dams and weirs improve plug flow. Alloy simulation studies reveal that complete homogenisation takes several minutes in a tundish without any dam or weir. It has also been shown that dams influence the fluid flow behaviour more than weirs do, as far as a turbulence free liquid is concerned