Nanoindentation behaviour and microstructure of several wootz-type steels

In the present investigation, samples of five qualities of ultra-high carbon
crucible or wootz steel - two of them genuine Damascus blades from the 17th century -
have been compared with respect to their response to nanoindentation. Values of
nanohardness and elastic modulus derived that way were discussed in the light of
microstructure and phase content. Cementite particles of different shape and distribution
embedded in a pearlitic or divorced eutectoid matrix govern the mechanical behaviour.
Testing of the nanoscratch resistance supports the idea of a grater-like effect of those
wootz steel blades. Specimens of synthetic wootz and of original Damascus sabres showed
the maximum response of these composite materials to elastic and plastic indentation.